ANALYSIS

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  64

• Score

  62.3 

• Political environment

• Rank

  53

• Score

  55.9 

• Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism
  Index that captures perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically motivated violence and terrorism. Scores are standardized.

• Rank

  44

• Score

  74.6 

• Government effectiveness
  Index that captures perceptions of quality of public and civil services and the degree of their independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government"s commitment to such policies. Scores are standardized.

• Rank

  73

• Score

  37.1 

• Regulatory environment

• Rank

  83

• Score

  59.4 

• Regulatory quality
  Index that captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private-sector development. Scores are standardized.

• Rank

  61

• Score

  50.3 

• Rule of law
  Index that captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. Scores are standardized.

• Rank

  84

• Score

  37.9 

• Cost of redundancy dismissal
  Sum of notice period and severance pay for redundancy dismissal (in salary weeks, averages for workers with 1, 5, and 10 years of tenure, with a minimum threshold of 8 weeks)

• Rank

  89

• Score

  74.6 

• Business environment

• Rank

  58

• Score

  71.8 

• Ease of starting a business
  The ranking of economies on the ease of starting a business is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for starting a business. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for each of the component indicators.

• Rank

  48

• Score

  90.1 

• Ease of resolving insolvency
  The ranking of economies on the ease of resolving insolvency is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for resolving insolvency. These scores are the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for the recovery rate and strength of insolvency framework index.

• Rank

  39

• Score

  63.4 

• Ease of paying taxes
  The ranking of economies on the ease of paying taxes is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for paying taxes.

• Rank

  98

• Score

  62.0 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  90

• Score

  23.6 

• Education

• Rank

  93

• Score

  37.5 

• Expenditure on education
  Government operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment, as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).

• Rank

  92

• Score

  28.1 

• Government expenditure on education per pupil, secondary
  Government spending on education divided by the total number of secondary students, as a percentage of GDP per capita.

• Rank

  107

• Score

  1.1 

• School life expectancy
  Total number of years of schooling that a child of a certain age can expect to receive in the future, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular age is equal to the current enrolment ratio for that age.

• Rank

  33

• Score

  69.4 

• Assessment in reading, mathematics, and science
  PISA average scales in reading, mathematics, and science

• Rank

  57

• Score

  23.6 

• Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary
  The number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).

• Rank

  58

• Score

  79.2 

• Tertiary education

• Rank

  76

• Score

  32.2 

• Tertiary enrolment
  The ratio of total tertiary enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary level of education.

• Rank

  37

• Score

  56.6 

• Graduates in science and engineering
  The share of all tertiary graduates in science, manufacturing, engineering, and construction over all tertiary graduates.

• Rank

  73

• Score

  30.7 

• Tertiary inbound mobility
  The number of students from abroad studying in a given country, as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.

• Rank

  64

• Score

  10.9 

• Research and development (R&D)

• Rank

  104

• Score

  1.1 

• Researchers
  Researchers per million population, full-time equivalence. Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned.

• Rank

  76

• Score

  1.8 

• Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD)
  Total domestic intramural expenditure on R&D during a given period as a percentage of GDP.

• Rank

  95

• Score

  2.6 

• Global R&D companies, average expenditure top 3
  Average expenditure on R&D of the top three global companies.

• Rank

  45

• Score

  0.0 

• QS university ranking average score top 3 universities
  Sub-pillar 2.3.4 QS university ranking average score of top 3 universities

• Rank

  73

• Score

  0.0 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  64

• Score

  43.6 

• Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

• Rank

  79

• Score

  44.2 

• ICT access
  The ICT access index is a composite index that weights five ICT indicators (20% each). It is the first sub-index in ITU"s ICT Development Index (IDI).

• Rank

  87

• Score

  45.0 

• ICT use
  The ICT use index is a composite index that weights three ICT indicators (33% each). It is the second sub-index in ITU"s ICT Development Index (IDI).

• Rank

  70

• Score

  34.0 

• Government's online service
  Research teams assessed each country’s national website, including the national central portal, e-services portal, and e-participation portal as well as the websites of the related ministries of education, labour, social services, health, finance, and environment, as applicable.

• Rank

  72

• Score

  44.9 

• Online e-participation
  The United Nations E-Participation Index is based on the survey used for the UN Online Service Index. The survey was expanded with questions emphasizing quality in the connected presence stage of e-government.

• Rank

  59

• Score

  52.9 

• General infrastructure

• Rank

  56

• Score

  38.4 

• Electricity output
  Electricity production, measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station.

• Rank

  72

• Score

  12.2 

• Logistics performance
  A multidimensional assessment of logistics performance, the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) compares the trade logistics profiles of 160 countries and rates them on a scale of 1 (worst) to 5 (best).

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Gross capital formation
  Ratio of total gross capital formation in current local currency to GDP in current local currency.

• Rank

  20

• Score

  51.5 

• Ecological sustainability

• Rank

  45

• Score

  48.2 

• GDP per unit of energy use
  Purchasing power parity gross domestic product (PPP$ GDP) per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use.

• Rank

  19

• Score

  41.9 

• Environmental performance
  This index ranks countries on 20 performance indicators tracked across policy categories that cover both environmental public health and ecosystem vitality. These indicators gauge how close countries are to established environmental policy goals.

• Rank

  58

• Score

  74.4 

• ISO 14001 environmental certificates
  ISO 14001:2015 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system and can be certified to.

• Rank

  59

• Score

  8.5 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  30

• Score

  51.2 

• Credit

• Rank

  82

• Score

  27.8 

• Ease of getting credit
  The ranking of economies on the ease of getting credit is determined by sorting their distance to frontier scores for getting credit.

• Rank

  39

• Score

  65.0 

• Domestic credit to private sector
  Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment.

• Rank

  80

• Score

  13.5 

• Microfinance institutions' gross loan portfolio
  Combined gross loan balances per microfinance institution (current US$), divided by GDP (current US$) and multiplied by 100.

• Rank

  40

• Score

  4.9 

• Investment

• Rank

  6

• Score

  73.3 

• Ease of protecting minority investors
  The ranking is the simple average of the distance to frontier scores for the extent of conflict of interest regulation index and the extent of shareholder governance index.

• Rank

  8

• Score

  73.3 

• Market capitalization
  Market capitalization (also known as ‘market value’) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Total value of stocks traded
  The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Venture capital deals
  Thomson Reuters data on private equity deals, per deal, with information on the location of investment, investment company, investor firms, and funds, among other details.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Trade, competition, & market scale

• Rank

  94

• Score

  52.6 

• Applied tariff rate, weighted mean
  Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country.

• Rank

  38

• Score

  92.7 

• Intensity of local competition
  Average answer to the survey question: In your country, how intense is competition in the local markets? [1 = not intense at all; 7 = extremely intense]

• Rank

  120

• Score

  50.6 

• Domestic market scale
  The domestic market size is measured by gross domestic product (GDP) based on the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP, in current international dollar (billions).

• Rank

  104

• Score

  33.5 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  114

• Score

  21.9 

• Knowledge workers

• Rank

  104

• Score

  22.4 

• Employment in knowledge-intensive services
  Employment in knowledge-intensive services (% of workforce)

• Rank

  84

• Score

  24.9 

• Firms offering formal training
  The percentage of firms offering formal training programs for their permanent, full-time employees.

• Rank

  74

• Score

  26.9 

• GERD performed by business enterprise
  Gross expenditure on R&D performed by business enterprise as a percentage of GDP.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• GERD financed by business enterprise
  Gross expenditure on R&D financed by business enterprise as a percentage of total gross expenditure on R&D.

• Rank

  82

• Score

  4.1 

• Females employed with advanced degrees
  The percentage of females employed with advanced degrees out of total employed.

• Rank

  68

• Score

  26.4 

• Innovation linkages

• Rank

  119

• Score

  17.3 

• University/industry research collaboration
  Average answer to the survey question: In your country, to what extent do people collaborate and share ideas in between companies and universities/research institutions? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent]

• Rank

  121

• Score

  22.3 

• State of cluster development
  Average answer to survey question on role of clusters in the economy: In your country, how widespread are well-developed and deep clusters (geographic concentrations of firms, suppliers, producers of related products and services, and specialized institutions in a particular field)?

• Rank

  119

• Score

  30.9 

• GERD financed by abroad
  Percentage of gross expenditure on R&D financed by abroad—i.e., with foreign financing.

• Rank

  53

• Score

  9.4 

• Joint venture/strategic alliance deals
  Thomson Reuters data on joint ventures/strategic alliances deals, per deal, with details on the country of origin of partner firms, among others.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Patent families filed in at least two offices
  Number of patent families filed by residents in at least two offices.

• Rank

  86

• Score

  1.1 

• Knowledge absorption

• Rank

  78

• Score

  25.9 

• Intellectual property payments
  Charges for the use of intellectual property not included elsewhere payments (% of total trade) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2010.

• Rank

  61

• Score

  12.4 

• High-tech imports
  High-technology imports minus re-imports (% of total trade).

• Rank

  121

• Score

  0.0 

• ICT services imports
  Telecommunications, computer and information services (% of total trade) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2010.

• Rank

  42

• Score

  23.9 

• Foreign direct investment, net inflows
  This data series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.

• Rank

  14

• Score

  60.6 

• Research talent in business enterprise
  Professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, and systems, as well as in the management of these projects, broken down by the sectors in which they are employed.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  106

• Score

  17.2 

• Knowledge creation

• Rank

  122

• Score

  2.0 

• Patent applications by origin
  Number of resident patent applications filed at a given national or regional patent office (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  79

• Score

  2.2 

• PCT international applications by origin
  Number of international patent applications filed by residents at the Patent Cooperation Treaty (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  70

• Score

  0.8 

• Utility model applications by origin
  Number of utility model applications filed by residents at the national patent office (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  60

• Score

  0.2 

• Scientific and technical publications
  Number of scientific and technical journal articles (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  97

• Score

  6.4 

• Citable documents H index
  The H index is an economy"s number of published articles (H) that have received at least H citations in the period 1996–2014

• Rank

  120

• Score

  2.0 

• Knowledge impact

• Rank

  107

• Score

  26.3 

• Growth rate of GDP per person engaged
  Growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per person engaged provides a measure of labor productivity (defined as output per unit of labor input).

• Rank

  66

• Score

  57.0 

• New business density
  Number of new firms, defined as firms registered in the current year of reporting, per thousand population aged 15–64 years old.

• Rank

  65

• Score

  6.4 

• Total computer software spending
  Computer software spending includes the total value of purchased or leased packaged software such as operating systems, database systems, programming tools, utilities, and applications. Data are reported as a percentage of GDP.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• ISO 9001 quality certificates
  ISO 9001:2015 sets out the criteria for a quality management system and is the only standard in the family that can be certified to (although this is not a requirement)

• Rank

  60

• Score

  11.2 

• High-tech and medium high-tech output
  High-tech and medium-high-tech output as a percentage of total manufactures output, on the basis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) classification of Technology Intensity Definition.

• Rank

  98

• Score

  0.0 

• Knowledge diffusion

• Rank

  72

• Score

  23.2 

• Intellectual property receipts
  Charges for the use of intellectual property not included elsewhere receipts (% of total trade) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2010.

• Rank

  82

• Score

  0.7 

• High-tech exports
  High-technology exports minus re-exports (% of total trade).

• Rank

  115

• Score

  0.1 

• ICT services exports
  Telecommunications, computer and information services (% of total trade) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2010.

• Rank

  21

• Score

  34.9 

• Foreign direct investment, net outflows
  This data series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP.

• Rank

  53

• Score

  40.2 

• Rank
• Score

• Overall

• Rank

  119

• Score

  15.3 

• Intangible assets

• Rank

  121

• Score

  24.9 

• Trademark application class count by origin
  Number of trademark applications issued to residents at a given national or regional office (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  84

• Score

  9.7 

• Industrial designs by origin
  Number of designs contained in industrial design applications filed at a given national or regional office (per billion PPP$ GDP)

• Rank

  82

• Score

  2.2 

• ICTs and business model creation
  Average answer to the question: In your country, to what extent do ICTs enable new business models? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent]

• Rank

  111

• Score

  45.0 

• ICTs and organizational model creation
  Average answer to the question: In your country, to what extent do ICTs enable new organizational models (e.g., virtual teams, remote working, telecommuting) within companies? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent]

• Rank

  121

• Score

  31.5 

• Creative goods and services

• Rank

  117

• Score

  2.1 

• Cultural and creative services exports
  Creative services exports (% of total exports) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2010.

• Rank

  54

• Score

  4.0 

• National feature films produced
  Number of national feature films produced (per million population 15–69 years old).

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Global entertainment and media market
  The Global entertainment and media outlook (the Outlook) provides a single comparable source of five-year forecast and five-year historic consumer and advertiser spending data and commentary, for 13 entertainment and media segments, across 61 countries.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Printing and publishing output
  Publishing, printing, and reproduction of recorded media output as a percentage of total manufacturing output.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a 

• Creative goods exports
  Total value of creative goods exports, net of re-exports (current US$) over total trade.

• Rank

  101

• Score

  1.2 

• Online creativity

• Rank

  64

• Score

  9.3 

• Generic top-level domains (gTLDs)
  Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) (per thousand population 15–69 years old).

• Rank

  48

• Score

  7.1 

• Country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs)
  Country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) (per thousand population 15–69 years old).

• Rank

  72

• Score

  1.6 

• Wikipedia monthly edits
  Wikipedia monthly page edits (per million population 15–69 years old).

• Rank

  47

• Score

  19.0 

• Video uploads on YouTube
  Total number of video uploads on YouTube, per country, scaled by population 15–69 years old.

• Rank

  n/a

• Score

  n/a